Fig. 3

Functional characterization of peripheral monocytes (identified by their characteristic FSC/ SSC light dispersion properties and concomitant expression of CD14, CD33 and HLA-DR) and myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) (Identified by their characteristic FSC/ SSC light dispersion properties, positive expression of CD33 and HLA-DR, and negative expression of all other lineage markers – CD3, CD19, CD56, and CD14 present in the mixture of Dendritic Cell Exclusion Kit). The percentage of monocytes producing TNF-α (a), IL-6 (b) and IL-1β (c) and mDC producing TNF-α (d), IL-6 (e) and IL-1β (f) were evaluated in healthy individuals (HG) and heart failure patients (HFP) at baseline assessment (HFP-T0) and 6 months after cardiac resynchronization therapy implantation (HFP-T6). Heart failure patients were divided according to response to cardiac resynchronization therapy: responders (R) and non-responders (NR). Statistically significant differences were considered when p < 0.05