Table 1 Baseline Characteristics

Age, mean ± SD in years

32.7 ± 14.7

Sex, n (%)

Male

16 (27.6)

Female

42 (72.4)

Types of ASD

Secundum

50 (86.2)

Primum

4 (6.9)

Unroofed Coronary Sinus

1 (1.7)

Sinus Venousus

3 (5.2)

Body Mass Index (kg/m²), mean ± SD

19.8 ± 4

Resting O₂ Saturation

96 (80–100)

RV Basal (mm), mean ± SD

47.8 ± 7.6

TR Vmax (m/s), mean ± SD

4.1 ± 1.2

TAPSE (mm), mean ± SD

17.5 ± 4.8

eRAP (mmHg), median (range)

3 ( 3–15)

FAC (%), mean ± SD

31.1 ± 11.9

RVSP (mmHg), mean ± SD

80.1 ± 37

TAPSE/ePASP (mm/mmHg), median (range)

0.21 (0.08–1.07)

< 0.31, n (%)

40 (69%)

≥ 0.31, n (%)

18 (31%)

Qp: Qs, median (range)

1.5 (0.4–6.7)

< 1

23 (39.7)

≥ 1

35 (60.3)

PVR (WU), median (range)

9.6 (0.3–41.1)

≥ 5, n(%)

36 (62.1)

< 5, n(%)

22 (37.9)

PVR/SVR Ratio, median (range)

0.36 (0.01–2.5)

< 0.3, n (%)

28 (48.3%)

0.3–0.6, n (%)

9 (15.5%)

> 0.6, n (%)

21 (36.2%)