Table 2 Median regional distribution of bipolar voltage amplitudes and low-voltage zones by distribution and extent in persistent AF patients with CHAD₂DS₂-VASc scores ≤ 2 and ≥ 3

Median total mapping points per patient

1277 [789–1953]

1320 [995–1862]

0.85

Median and regional bipolar voltage amplitude, mV

Global left atrium

2.25 (1.49–2.79)

1.49 (1.1–2.48)

0.02

Anterior

1.97 (1.29–2.67)

1.39 (0.87–1.93)

< 0.01

Posterior

1.69 (1.02–2.34)

1.2 (0.86–2.04)

0.06

Inferior

2.28 (1.42–3.07)

1.59 (0.96–2.68)

0.02

Lateral

1.99 (1.14–2.57)

1.69 (1.12–2.64)

0.56

Left Atrial Appendage

2.23 (1.25–3.05)

2.1 (1.18–2.86)

0.7

LVZ extent calculated as the percentage of LA surface area

No LVZ, n (%)

66 (82.5%)

35 (60.34%)

< 0.01

LVZ, n (%)

14 (17.5%)

23 (39.66%)

< 0.01

Mild LVZ, n (%)

5 (6.33%)

11 (18.97%)

0.04

Moderate LVZ, n (%)

7 (8.86%)

5 (8.62%)

1

Severe LVZ, n (%)

2 (2.53%)

7 (12.07%)

0.04

Number of regional LVZs, n (%)

Anterior

16 (20.25%)

24 (41.38%)

0.01

Septal

18 (22.78%)

18 (31.03%)

0.37

Posterior

8 (10.13%)

12 (20.69%)

0.14

Inferior

1 (1.27%)

7 (12.07%)

0.01

Lateral

1 (1.27%)

3 (5.17%)

0.31

LAA

0 (0%)

6 (10.34%)

< 0.01