Fig. 7

Effect of N-BP on RANKL, OPG and osteogenic marker proteins( Runx2 and OPN) expression in VSMCs of osteogenic differentiation and calcification due to inhibition of FPPS. VSMCs were preincubated for 2 h with 5 µM ZOL, 30 µM FOH plus 5 µM ZOL or 30 µM GGOH plus 5 µM ZOL, then VSMCs were co-cultured with or without 10 mM β-GP for 72 h. FOH and GGOH were the downstream products of FPPS in mevalonate pathway. Statistical significance was analyzed by the one-way ANOVA (*p < 0.01, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001). The data is represented as mean ± SD (n = 3)