Table 1 Perioperative characteristics of the Study Population

Demographic data

 Male (%)

95 (77.87)

81 (75.70)

14 (93.33)

0.227

 Age (years)

61.48 ± 11.76

61.92 ± 11.38

58.40 ± 14.28

0.280

 BMI (kg/m2)

24.26 ± 3.61

24.45 ± 3.54

22.87 ± 3.96

0.111

Preoperative context

 Hypertension (%)

63 (51.64)

53 (49.53)

10 (66.67)

0.214

 DM (%)

17 (13.93)

16 (14.95)

1 (6.67)

0.638

 LVEF (%)

61.00 (55.25–65.00)

61.00 (55.50–65.00)

61.00 (55.00–67.00)

0.656

 EuroScore II

4.23 ± 2.36

3.93 ± 2.14

6.40 ± 2.75

< 0.001

Baseline laboratory indices

 Hemoglobin (g/L)

127.13 ± 24.01

125.58 ± 23.87

138.20 ± 22.80

0.056

 Albumin (g/L)

39.68 ± 4.27

39.57 ± 4.19

40.47 ± 4.93

0.449

 eGFR (mL/min/1.73m²)

71.55 ± 20.10

72.22 ± 19.96

66.73 ± 21.09

0.324

 Uric acid (µmol/L)

420.30 ± 122.94

424.04 ± 120.66

393.60 ± 139.73

0.371

Surgery

 Sole Valve (%)

82 (67.2)

77 (72.5)

5 (33.3)

0.002

 Sole CABG (%)

16 (13.1)

15 (14)

1 (6.7)

0.429

 Valve & CABG (%)

24 (19.7)

15 (14)

9 (60.0)

< 0.001

 CPB duration (mins)

134.19 ± 61.08

123.31 ± 44.58

201.60 ± 99.00

0.009

 Aortic clamping time (mins)

78.46 ± 32.74

74.46 ± 26.76

108.75 ± 54.32

0.053

Postoperative indices

 APACHE II Score

11.75 ± 6.37

10.47 ± 5.15

21.43 ± 6.58

< 0.001

 Serum SDC1 (ng/mL)

81.03 (43.34–216.42)

70.29 (41.01–137.75)

277.34 (252.34–380.37)

< 0.001

 IL-6 (pg/mL)

152.50 (94.75–274.50)

146.00 (89.35–257.10)

275.00 (179.50–319.14)

0.023

 IL-8 (pg/mL)

23.50 (14.00–37.85)

21.00 (12.91–34.75)

55.22 (38.00–116.36)

< 0.001

 TNF-α (pg/mL)

10.20 (6.92–14.15)

10.20 (6.70–14.50)

9.70 (7.29–10.70)

0.413

 PCT (ng/mL)

1.38 (0.75–5.01)

1.31 (0.63–3.83)

8.25 (3.71–12.98)

< 0.001

Prognosis

 In-hospital mortality (%)

12 (9.9)

10 (9.4)

2 (13.3)

0.644

 Length of ICU stay (days)

3.35 (1.83–5.80)

3.10 (1.80–5.30)

4.00 (2.50–17.65)

0.100

 Length of hospital stay (days)

13.00 (10.25–17.00)

13.00 (10.00–16.00)

20.00 (16.50–26.50)

< 0.001