Table 1 Included studies

de Boer RA, et al. RCT [19]

2019

100.0%

N = 30

10-25 mg once daily

68.5(3.0)

33.3%

N = 33

71.0 (3.75)

42.4%

12 weeks

NA

1) Blood pressure (BP), including SBP and DBP;

2) NT-proBNP;

3) Cardiac parameters;

4) NYHA class.

Yes

Packer M, et al.(EMPEROR-Reduced), RCT [20]

2020

NA

N = 1863

10 mg once daily

67.2 (10.8)

23.5%

N = 1867

66.5 (11.2)

24.4%

16 months

≤ 40%

1) Cardiovascular worsening (including CV death and hospitalization for HF);

2) NT-proBNP;

3) Systolic BP;

4) Change in quality-of-life score on KCCQ.

Yes

Nassif ME, et al. (EMBRACE-HF), RCT [21]

2020

52.0%

N = 33

10 mg once daily

69.5(12.0)

36.4%

N = 32

62.9 (13.3)

37.5%

12 weeks

>40% (mean 44%)

1) Change in PA diastolic pressure from baseline to end of treatment;

2) KCCQ;

3) NT-proBNP;

4) 6-min walking distance (6MWD);

5) Systolic BP.

NR

Anker SD, et al. (EMPEROR-Preserved), RCT [22]

2021

NA

N = 2997

10 mg once daily

71.8 (9.3)

44.6%

N = 2991

71.9 (9.6)

44.7%

26.2 months

> 40%

1) Cardiovascular worsening (including CV death and hospitalization for HF);

2) NT-proBNP;

3) Change in quality-of-life score on KCCQ.

Yes

Omar M, et al. (Empire HF), RCT [23]

2021

12.6%

N = 95

10 mg once daily

65.0 (10.0)

17.0%

N = 95

63.0 (12.0)

13.0%

12 weeks

≤ 40%

Cardiac parameters:

1) Left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic volume indexes (LVESV and LVEDV);

2) Left atrial volume index (LAVi);

3) LVEF (adjusted for age, sex, type 2 diabetes, and atrial fibrillation);

4) Changes in LVMI;

5) Global longitudinal strain;

6) Relative wall thickness;

7) PCWP;

8) Cardiac index.

NR

Lee MMY, et al. (SUGAR-DM-HF), RCT [11]

2021

100.0%

N = 52

10 mg once daily

68.2 (11.7)

34.6%

N = 53

69.2(10.6)

18.9%

36 weeks

≤ 40%

Cardiac parameters :

1) Change in LV end-systolic volume index (LVESVi);

2) LV end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVi);

3) LV global longitudinal strain;

4) LVEF;

5) KCCQ-TSS

6) 6MWD

7) NT-proBNP

NA

Abraham WT, et al. (EMPERIAL-Reduced), RCT [24]

2021

59.9%

N = 156

10 mg once daily

69.0 (3.63)

22.4%

N = 156

70.0 (3.63)

28.8%

12 weeks

≤ 40%

1) 6MWD;

2) KCCQ-TSS;

3) CHQ-SAS dyspnea score;

4) NT-proBNP.

Yes

Abraham WT, et al. (EMPERIAL-Preserved). RCT [24]

2021

40.6%

N = 157

10 mg once daily

74.0 (2.75)

44.6%

N = 158

75.0 (6.5)

41.8%

12 weeks

> 40%

1) 6MWD;

2) KCCQ-TSS;

3) CHQ-SAS dyspnea score;

4) NT-proBNP.

Yes

Santos-Gallego CG, et al. RCT [12]

2021

0.0%

N = 84

10 mg once daily

64.2(10.9)

36.0%

N = 84

59.9(13.1)

35.7%

6 months

≤ 40%

Cardiac parameters:

1) LV end-systolic and -diastolic volume (LVESV and LVEDV);

2) LV mass;

3) LVEF;

4) 6MWD;

5) KCCQ.

Yes

Pietschner R, et al. RCT [25]

2021

24.5%

N = 36

69.0 (8.1)

19.4%

N = 17

67.4(8.7)

5.9%

12 weeks

38.8%

(8.6%)

1) BP

2) 24-hour ambulatory BP

NA

Filippatos G, et al. RCT* [27]

2022

100.0%

N = 1466

NR

NR

N = 1472

NA

NA

52 weeks

NA

1) KCCQ-TSS;

2) CHQ-SAS dyspnea score;

3) NT-proBNP.

4) BP

Yes

Filippatos G, et al. RCT* [27]

2022

0.0%

N = 1531

NR

NR

N = 1472

NA

NA

52 weeks

NA

1) KCCQ-TSS;

2) CHQ-SAS dyspnea score;

3) NT-proBNP.

4) BP

Yes