Fig. 2

The computational fluid dynamics in patient 2. Before the procedure, the blood flow was complex and tortuous, with abnormal helical flow appeared to dominate the ascending aorta. The peak velocity was 4.5 m/s and the maximum wall shear stress was 12.2 Pa. After the procedure, the blood flow patterns improved. The peak velocity and the maximum wall shear stress decreased to 2.0 m/s and 1.1 Pa