Understanding Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries (MINOCA): a comprehensive meta-analysis of clinical characteristics, management, and prognosis compared to MI with the Obstructive Coronary Artery (MIOCA)

Khorasani, Nahid; Mohammadi, Yaser; Sarpoli, Mahdiye; Kazemi, Toba; Riahi, Seyed Mohammad

doi:10.1186/s12872-025-04504-2

Table 3 Comparison of demographics and clinical characteristics in MINOCA, MIOCA and control

From: Understanding Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries (MINOCA): a comprehensive meta-analysis of clinical characteristics, management, and prognosis compared to MI with the Obstructive Coronary Artery (MIOCA)

Variable		Studies (n)	Pooled Prevalence of each Variable in Study Groups				MIOCA Vs MINOCA (SMD^a/OR (95% CI))	P-value for SMD=0/ OR=1	Cochrane Q	I² (%)	P-value for Egger Test
			Sample Size/ Total MIOCA	Pooled Prevalenc in MIOCA (%)	Sample Size/ Total MINOCA	Pooled Prevalenc in MINOCA (%)
Demographics	Age^a	88		63.72±5.62		61.52±5.17	0.22 (0.15, 0.29)	0.001>	25031.53	99.7	0.432
	BMI^a	45		27.17±2.08		27.07±2.46	0.03 (-0.03, 0.09)	0.376	1369.57	96.8	0.001>
	Male^b	76	1485903/ 2259128	65.89 (65.83, 65.96)	335199/ 701828	47.84 (47.72, 47.95)	2.36 (2.12, 2.62)	0.001>	9882.49	99.2	0.055
Medical History^b	DM	81	675370/ 2166294	30.65 (30.58, 30.71)	87334/ 322703	26.49 (26.34, 26.65)	1.62 (1.49, 1.76)	0.001>	1811.84	95.6	0.001>
	HTN	79	1325207/ 1856085	71.76 (71.7, 71.83)	219285/ 303443	72.82 (72.66, 72.98)	1.26 (1.12, 1.42)	0.001>	4270.99	98.2	0.61
	Smoker	73	228295/ 572794	38.63 (38.51, 38.76)	20513/ 63095	31.53 (31.17, 31.89)	1.51 (1.30, 1.75)	0.001>	3084.77	97.7	0.108
	DLP	16	1098395/ 1656737	66.52 (66.45, 66.6)	187607/ 290986	64.7 (64.52, 64.88)	1.54 (1.38, 1.73)	0.001>	2479.49	97.2	0.71
	Obesity	13	561018/ 1440793	38.71 (38.63, 38.79)	113690/ 255843	44.34 (44.15, 44.53)	0.90 (0.80, 1.019)	0.101	124.63	90.4	0.390
	Angina	6	4622/ 26274	15 (14.57, 15.43)	331/ 1558	20.15 (18.18, 22.19)	1.2 (0.63, 2.29)	0.582	101.36	95.1	0.551
	CAD	11	50777/ 453231	10.8 (10.71, 10.89)	1386/ 26644	4.15 (3.91, 4.41)	2.89 (1.89, 4.42)	0.001>	260.46	96.2	0.274
	MI	29	479766/ 1961092	24.09 (24.03, 24.15)	47619/ 281726	16.22 (16.08, 16.35)	2.40 (2.06, 2.80)	0.001>	644.48	95.7	0.259
	Stroke	27	23466/ 803615	2.54 (2.5, 2.58)	1703/ 54452	2.52 (2.39, 2.67)	1.02 (0.80, 1.29)	0.874	405.61	93.6	0.437
	PCI	17	441281/ 1568528	26.11 (26.04, 26.18)	71111/ 253237	27.22 (27.04, 27.39)	2.94 (2.16, 3.99)	0.001>	443.27	96.4	0.085
	CABG	14	304885/ 1565963	18.15 (18.09, 18.21)	3451/ 252916	0.92 (0.87, 0.96)	7.31 (2.68, 19.92)	0.001>	873.89	98.5	0.742
	AF	16	5535/ 84192	5.22 (5.07, 5.38)	1320/ 11059	11.07 (10.48, 11.67)	0.59 (0.41, 0.85)	0.005	264.98	94.3	0.873
	HF	22	189815/ 1748594	10.45 (10.4, 10.49)	29696/ 286557	10.06 (9.95, 10.18)	0.80 (0.69, 0.93)	0.004	439.60	95.2	0.056
	PVD	24	176732/ 1459835	11.58 (11.53, 11.63)	23664/ 266861	8.52 (8.41, 8.63)	1.51 (1.28, 1.77)	0.001>	203.18	88.7	0.38
	CVA	10	159617/ 1303696	12.18 (12.12, 12.23)	24537/250226	9.64 (9.52, 9.75)	1.32 (1.19, 1.46)	0.001>	18.70	51.9	0.101
	TIA	4	1782/ 6182	21.35 (20.33, 22.4)	170/ 583	22.88 (19.52, 26.41)	1.15 (0.89, 1.5)	0.283	2.37	0	0.235
	COPD	14	73151/ 639736	9.52 (9.45, 9.6)	8066/ 54017	13.21 (12.93, 13.5)	0.67 (0.55, 0.83)	0.001>	473.65	97.3	0.790
	Chronic Lung Disease	5	213420/ 1259418	16.9 (16.84, 16.97)	47047/ 237814	19.43 (19.27, 19.59)	0.74 (0.42, 1.32)	0.309	31.11	87.1	0.727
	CKD	11	7561/ 93565	7.65 (7.48, 7.82)	1533/ 16299	8.75 (8.31, 9.2)	1.06 (0.88, 1.27)	0.539	37.55	73.4	0.948
	Kidney Disease	14	45753/ 626206	6.84 (6.77, 6.9)	2536/ 37111	6.03 (5.78, 6.28)	1.06 (0.80, 1.39)	0.686	201.53	93.5	0.639
	Liver Disease	2	442/ 14242	2.6 (2.34, 2.87)	63/ 1133	5.02 (3.8, 6.39)	0.64 (0.49, 0.84)	0.001	0.13	0	0.001>
	Depression	6	8708/ 36588	22.06 (21.63, 22.48)	3805/ 11427	31.34 (30.49, 32.2)	0.82 (0.62, 1.09)	0.184	40.09	87.5	0.165
	Dementia	4	312/ 114982	0.19 (0.16, 0.21)	53/ 13324	0.29 (0.21, 0.4)	0.86 (0.45, 1.67)	0.667	8.17	63.3	0.658
	Cancer	10	3750/ 168193	1.85 (1.79, 1.92)	571/ 17509	2.73 (2.49, 2.99)	0.72 (0.51, 1.002)	0.051	92.30	90.2	0.885
Family History^b	CAD	24	13504/ 55168	22.63 (22.28, 22.98)	4314/ 14793	28.04 (27.31, 28.78)	1.21 (1.07, 1.37)	0.003	69.76	67	0.21

Variable		Studies (n)	Pooled Prevalence of each Variable in Study Groups				MINOCA Vs Control (SMD^a/OR (95% CI))	P-value for SMD=0/ OR=1	Cochrane Q	I² (%)	P-value for Egger Test
			Sample Size/ Total MINOCA	Pooled Prevalenc in MINOCA	Sample Size/ Total Control	Pooled Prevalenc in Control
Demographics	Age^a	40		59.87±4.94		55.05±7.01	0.40 (0.31, 0.49)	0.001>	1415.88	97.2	0.06
	BMI^a	24		27.09±1.9		26.48±2.1	0.1 (0.04, 0.15)	0.001	147.57	84.4	0.455
	Male^b	36	27734/ 47333	60.61 (60.17, 61.06)	28672/ 57100	50.94 (50.53, 51.36)	1.25 (1.08, 1.45)	0.003	651.56	94.6	0.383
Medical History^b	DM	38	9162/ 49062	17.03 (16.7, 17.37)	7462/ 59852	10.79 (10.54, 11.05)	1.52 (1.35, 1.72)	0.001>	202.08	81.2	0.45
	HTN	39	28711/ 49003	59.45 (59.01, 59.89)	26470/ 59787	43.9 (43.5, 44.31)	1.89 (1.60, 2.24)	0.001>	954.16	96	0.078
	Smoker	33	15437/ 47425	31.44 (31.02, 31.87)	16926/ 57354	28.4 (28.03, 28.77)	1.21 (1.10, 1.32)	0.001>	169.45	81.1	0.127
	DLP	30	17037/ 2620	55.08 (54.54, 55.62)	17538/ 33118	52.53 (51.99, 53.08)	1.97 (1.57, 2.46)	0.001>	681.05	95.7	0.091
	Obesity	3	4332/ 11039	39.17 (38.26, 40.08)	4247/ 11445	36.65 (35.77, 37.53)	1.29 (0.91, 1.81)	0.149	42.15	95.3	0.193
	Angina	1	114/ 228	50 (43.33, 56.67)	186/ 339	54.87 (49.4, 60.25)	0.82 (0.59, 1.15)	0.255	NA	NA	NA
	CAD	1	6/ 77	7.79 (2.91, 16.19)	7/ 78	NA	0.86 (0.27, 2.68)	0.791	NA	MA	NA
	MI	6	506/ 4023	11.71 (10.76, 12.69)	388/ 5549	7.68 (6.99, 8.4)	2.71 (1.71, 4.31)	0.001>	21.01	76.2	0.036
	Stroke	5	563/ 9863	5.02 (4.57, 5.48)	281/ 7231	NA	1.76 (1.29, 2.40)	0.001>	7.81	48.8	0.704
	PCI	1	4/ 23	17.39 (4.95, 38.78)	75/ 184	40.76 (33.59, 48.23)	0.31 (0.1, 0.94)	0.038	NA	NA	NA
	CABG	2	2/ 251	0.23 (0, 1.72)	12/ 523	1.01 (0.27, 2.13)	1.42 (0.06, 34.28)	0.829	2.33	57	0.001>
	AF	2	501/ 2276	21.39 (19.68, 23.16)	553/ 2722	20.04 (18.54, 21.58)	1.09 (0.95, 1.25)	0.199	0.15	0	0.001>
	HF	6	1994/ 21342	NA	1833/ 19158	7.56 (7.19, 7.94)	1.41 (1.03, 1.94)	0.033	62.51	92	0.317
	PVD	7	1491/ 21569	5.78 (5.47, 6.1)	837/ 19360	3.67 (3.4, 3.94)	1.93 (1.76, 2.11)	0.001>	0.97	0	0.412
	CVA	4	1133/ 11820	9.17 (8.65, 9.7)	780/ 12439	5.9 (5.48, 6.33)	1.58 (1.44, 1.74)	0.001>	1.16	0	0.002
	TIA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
	COPD	4	3049/ 19037	15.2 (14.69 15.72)	2174/ 17277	11.54 (11.06, 12.02)	1.63 (1.2, 2.21)	0.002	45.49	93.4	0.462
	Chronic Lung Disease	2	77/ 546	13.11 (10.28, 16.2)	213/ 1531	13.84 (12.14, 15.62)	0.71 (0.16, 3.13)	0.65	1.66	39.8	0.001>
	CKD	3	1252/ 10867	11.45 (10.86, 12.06)	988/ 11243	8.7 (8.19, 9.23)	1.36 (1.24, 1.48)	0.001>	0.25	0	0.721
	Kidney Disease	1	23/ 1133	1.77 (1.04, 2.66)	23/ 2161	0.8 (0.42, 1.28)	2.09 (1.17, 3.74)	0.013	NA	NA	NA
	Liver Disease	1	63/ 1133	5.02 (3.8, 6.39)	106/ 2161	4.55 (3.68, 5.5)	1.24 (0.9, 1.71)	0.188	NA	NA	NA
	Depression	2	3629/ 10638	32.13 (31.25, 33.02)	4089/ 11047	34.59 (33.7, 35.48)	0.87 (0.71, 1.06)	0.161	2.51	60.2	0.001>
	Dementia	2	49/ 9520	0.4 (0.28, 0.54)	18/ 6725	0.17 (0.08, 0.29)	3.1 (1.1, 8.77)	0.033	1.46	31.6	0.001>
	Cancer	4	398/ 10653	3.24 (2.9, 3.59)	263/ 8886	2.39 (2.07, 2.73)	1.81 (1.39, 2.36)	0.001>	5.48	45.2	0.073
Family History^b	CAD	14	8804/ 25799	33.7 (33.12, 34.29)	11731/ 34485	33.17 (32.67, 33.67)	1.15 (0.97, 1.38)	0.114	156.68	91.7	0.10

Compares demographic and clinical features (e.g., age, BMI, smoking, hypertension) in MINOCA, MIOCA, and control groups, with statistical measures (SMD, OR)
Abbreviations: NA Not Available, BMI Body Mass Index, DM Diabetes Mellitus, HTN Hypertension, DLP Dyslipidemia, CAD Coronary Artery Disease, MI Myocardial Infarction, PCI Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, CABG Coronary Artery Bypass Graft, AF Atrial Fibrillation, HF Heart Failure, PVD Peripheral Vascular Disease, CVA Cerebro-Vascular Accident, TIA Transient Ischemic Attack, COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, CKD Chronic Kidney Disease
An SMD of zero means no considerable effects. SMDs greater than zero indicate direct effect-and SMDs less than zero indicate inverse effect [19]. Cohen offered the following guidelines for interpreting the magnitude of the SMD in the social sciences: small-SMD = 0.2; medium-SMD = 0.5; and large-SMD = 0.8 [126]
^apolled effect for quantitative values-was reported by SMD
^bPolled effect for qualitative values-was reported by OR

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