Table 1 The clinical characteristics of critically ill patients with COPD and AF according to RAR levels
Variables | RAR | T1(3.02–4.51) | T2(4.51–5.64) | T3(5.65–7.51) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (n = 693) [%/(g/dL)] | [%/(g/ dL)] (n = 231) | [%/(g/ dL)] (n = 231) | [%/(g/ dL)] (n = 231) | ||
General characteristics | |||||
Gender, (female), n (%) | 297 (42.9) | 87 (37.7) | 106 (45.9) | 104 (45) | 0.146 |
Age, (years) | 74.9 ± 10.4 | 74.8 ± 10.4 | 75.7 ± 9.9 | 74.3 ± 10.8 | 0.336 |
Race, (white), n(%) | 473 (68.3) | 160 (69.3) | 156 (67.5) | 157 (68) | 0.917 |
BMI, (kg/m2) | 29.7 ± 8.7 | 30.1 ± 8.7 | 29.5 ± 8.4 | 29.4 ± 9.0 | 0.628 |
Vital signs | |||||
Heart rate, (beats/min) | 111.1 ± 26.1 | 109.4 ± 24.8 | 108.2 ± 25.3 | 115.8 ± 27.8 | 0.004 |
Respiratory rate, (breaths/min) | 29.4 ± 6.1 | 29.7 ± 6.0 | 28.9 ± 5.8 | 29.7 ± 6.5 | 0.255 |
MAP, (mmHg) | 56.2 ± 13.2 | 58.9 ± 14.9 | 56.1 ± 13.5 | 53.6 ± 10.3 | < 0.001 |
Laboratory parameters | |||||
WBC, (10^9/L) | 13.1 (9.1, 18.8) | 13.3 (9.4, 18.8) | 12.2 (8.7, 16.8) | 14.1 (9.4, 20.0) | 0.044 |
Hemoglobin, (g/dL) | 9.9 ± 2.3 | 11.1 ± 2.1 | 9.9 ± 2.3 | 8.9 ± 2.0 | < 0.001 |
pH | 7.3 ± 0.1 | 7.3 ± 0.1 | 7.3 ± 0.1 | 7.3 ± 0.1 | 0.117 |
PaO2, (mmHg) | 73.0 (56.0, 94.0) | 74.0 (61.0, 100.5) | 73.0 (55.0, 93.0) | 72.0 (55.0, 92.0) | 0.21 |
PaCO2, (mmHg) | 50.0 ± 15.3 | 51.3 ± 15.9 | 49.2 ± 14.3 | 49.3 ± 15.7 | 0.254 |
Lactate, (mmol/L) | 1.9 (1.4, 3.1) | 2.0 (1.4, 3.2) | 1.9 (1.3, 3.0) | 1.9 (1.4, 3.3) | 0.688 |
Creatinine, (mg/ dL) | 1.4 (1.0, 2.2) | 1.4 (1.0, 1.8) | 1.4 (0.9, 2.2) | 1.5 (1.0, 2.5) | 0.092 |
Comorbidities | |||||
Hypertension, n (%) | 525 (75.8) | 177 (76.6) | 183 (79.2) | 165 (71.4) | 0.138 |
CHF, n (%) | 441 (63.6) | 147 (63.6) | 155 (67.1) | 139 (60.2) | 0.302 |
Disease severity scores | |||||
CCI, (scores) | 8.1 ± 2.5 | 7.8 ± 2.3 | 8.0 ± 2.4 | 8.6 ± 2.7 | 0.003 |
APACHE II, (scores) | 23.2 ± 7.2 | 21.4 ± 6.9 | 23.0 ± 6.9 | 25.3 ± 7.2 | < 0.001 |
Medication or procedures on the first day of ICU admission | |||||
Vasoactive agent, n (%) | 275 (39.7) | 67 (29) | 88 (38.1) | 120 (51.9) | < 0.001 |
IMV, n (%) | 339 (48.9) | 105 (45.5) | 106 (45.9) | 128 (55.4) | 0.054 |
Outcomes | |||||
Mortality of 28-day | 213 (30.7) | 49 (21.2) | 67 (29.0) | 97 (42.0) | < 0.001 |
Mortality of 90-day | 264 (38.1) | 69 (29.9) | 78 (33.8) | 117 (50.6) | < 0.001 |
Mortality of 365-day | 355 (51.2) | 96 (41.6) | 111 (48.1) | 148 (64.1) | < 0.001 |
Mortality of ICU | 126 (18.2) | 27 (11.7) | 37 (16.0) | 62 (26.8) | < 0.001 |