Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants
Variables | Total (n = 592) | Q1 (n = 148) b | Q2 (n = 148) b | Q3 (n = 148) b | Q4 (n = 148) b | P value a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, Mean ± SD | 70.0 ± 10.3 | 67.7 ± 10.7 | 69.7 ± 10.4 | 71.2 ± 10.2 | 71.4 ± 9.8 | 0.007 |
BMI, Mean ± SD | 30.6 ± 6.8 | 31.0 ± 7.4 | 31.6 ± 6.9 | 30.3 ± 6.5 | 29.6 ± 6.2 | 0.066 |
Vital signs | ||||||
heart rate, Mean ± SD | 80.8 ± 9.1 | 82.2 ± 8.9 | 80.0 ± 8.9 | 80.2 ± 9.5 | 80.7 ± 8.9 | 0.14 |
ABPS, Mean ± SD | 112.6 ± 8.2 | 111.8 ± 7.3 | 112.6 ± 8.1 | 113.1 ± 8.2 | 112.9 ± 9.3 | 0.538 |
ABPD, Mean ± SD | 56.1 ± 7.1 | 56.2 ± 6.4 | 55.6 ± 7.3 | 56.3 ± 7.4 | 56.4 ± 7.3 | 0.726 |
comorbidities | ||||||
hypertension, n (%) | 0.003 | |||||
No | 261 (44.1) | 62 (41.9) | 54 (36.5) | 61 (41.2) | 84 (56.8) | |
Yes | 331 (55.9) | 86 (58.1) | 94 (63.5) | 87 (58.8) | 64 (43.2) | |
diabetes, n (%) | 0.295 | |||||
No | 290 (49.0) | 65 (43.9) | 70 (47.3) | 81 (54.7) | 74 (50) | |
Yes | 302 (51.0) | 83 (56.1) | 78 (52.7) | 67 (45.3) | 74 (50) | |
myocardial infarct, n (%) | 0.607 | |||||
No | 384 (64.9) | 97 (65.5) | 93 (62.8) | 102 (68.9) | 92 (62.2) | |
Yes | 208 (35.1) | 51 (34.5) | 55 (37.2) | 46 (31.1) | 56 (37.8) | |
chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 0.1 | |||||
No | 477 (80.6) | 121 (81.8) | 124 (83.8) | 123 (83.1) | 109 (73.6) | |
Yes | 115 (19.4) | 27 (18.2) | 24 (16.2) | 25 (16.9) | 39 (26.4) | |
Acute renal failure, n (%) | 0.054 | |||||
No | 470 (79.4) | 124 (83.8) | 116 (78.4) | 123 (83.1) | 107 (72.3) | |
Yes | 122 (20.6) | 24 (16.2) | 32 (21.6) | 25 (16.9) | 41 (27.7) | |
stroke, n (%) | 0.769 | |||||
No | 543 (91.7) | 138 (93.2) | 134 (90.5) | 137 (92.6) | 134 (90.5) | |
Yes | 49 ( 8.3) | 10 (6.8) | 14 (9.5) | 11 (7.4) | 14 (9.5) | |
hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 0.492 | |||||
No | 129 (21.8) | 35 (23.6) | 26 (17.6) | 36 (24.3) | 32 (21.6) | |
Yes | 463 (78.2) | 113 (76.4) | 122 (82.4) | 112 (75.7) | 116 (78.4) | |
COPD, n (%) | 0.763 | |||||
No | 527 (89.0) | 130 (87.8) | 135 (91.2) | 130 (87.8) | 132 (89.2) | |
Yes | 65 (11.0) | 18 (12.2) | 13 (8.8) | 18 (12.2) | 16 (10.8) | |
Blood biochemical indicators | ||||||
WBC, Mean ± SD | 14.0 ± 5.2 | 17.0 ± 6.2 | 14.7 ± 5.2 | 12.5 ± 3.4 | 11.6 ± 3.9 | < 0.001 |
sodium, Mean ± SD | 137.7 ± 3.1 | 137.6 ± 2.7 | 137.5 ± 3.1 | 138.1 ± 2.7 | 137.5 ± 3.6 | 0.232 |
potassium, Mean ± SD | 4.4 ± 0.4 | 4.4 ± 0.4 | 4.5 ± 0.4 | 4.3 ± 0.4 | 4.4 ± 0.4 | 0.034 |
calcium total, Mean ± SD | 8.6 ± 0.7 | 8.7 ± 0.7 | 8.5 ± 0.7 | 8.7 ± 0.6 | 8.6 ± 0.7 | 0.167 |
chloride, Mean ± SD | 106.2 ± 3.5 | 106.4 ± 3.3 | 106.3 ± 3.6 | 106.6 ± 3.0 | 105.6 ± 4.1 | 0.06 |
anion gap, Mean ± SD | 11.2 ± 2.6 | 11.0 ± 2.4 | 11.1 ± 2.5 | 11.2 ± 2.5 | 11.6 ± 3.1 | 0.188 |
free calcium, Mean ± SD | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 1.2 ± 0.1 | 0.016 |
urea nitrogen, Mean ± SD | 16.4 ± 8.8 | 15.3 ± 8.0 | 16.7 ± 8.7 | 14.7 ± 6.8 | 18.7 ± 10.8 | < 0.001 |
creatinine, Mean ± SD | 1.0 ± 1.0 | 0.9 ± 0.8 | 1.0 ± 1.0 | 0.8 ± 0.5 | 1.1 ± 1.3 | 0.064 |
clinical score | ||||||
sofa, Mean ± SD | 5.0 ± 2.5 | 4.9 ± 2.5 | 5.0 ± 2.1 | 4.9 ± 2.4 | 5.2 ± 2.8 | 0.507 |
APS III, Mean ± SD | 38.6 ± 17.4 | 36.1 ± 16.8 | 39.3 ± 18.8 | 37.4 ± 14.4 | 41.6 ± 19.0 | 0.042 |
outcome | ||||||
Two-year mortality, n (%) | 0.101 | |||||
No | 552 (93.2) | 136 (91.9) | 143 (96.6) | 140 (94.6) | 133 (89.9) | |
Yes | 40 ( 6.8) | 12 (8.1) | 5 (3.4) | 8 (5.4) | 15 (10.1) | |
Three-year mortality, n (%) | 0.109 | |||||
No | 550 (92.9) | 136 (91.9) | 142 (95.9) | 140 (94.6) | 132 (89.2) | |
Yes | 42 ( 7.1) | 12 (8.1) | 6 (4.1) | 8 (5.4) | 16 (10.8) | |
Four-year mortality, n (%) | 0.127 | |||||
No | 548 (92.6) | 135 (91.2) | 142 (95.9) | 139 (93.9) | 132 (89.2) | |
Yes | 44 ( 7.4) | 13 (8.8) | 6 (4.1) | 9 (6.1) | 16 (10.8) | |
Five-year mortality, n (%) | 0.082 | |||||
No | 544 (91.9) | 134 (90.5) | 141 (95.3) | 139 (93.9) | 130 (87.8) | |
Yes | 48 ( 8.1) | 14 (9.5) | 7 (4.7) | 9 (6.1) | 18 (12.2) | |