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Table 4 Biomarkers and outcomes analyzed by clusters

From: Biochemical differences based on sex and clusters of biomarkers in patients with COVID-19: analysis from the CARDIO COVID 19–20 registry

Variable

Overall, n = 13621

Cluster

p-value2

1, n = 12191

2, n = 411

3, n = 1021

Sex

    

0.2

 Female

463 (34.0%)

423 (34.7%)

14 (34.1%)

26 (25.5%)

 

 Male

899 (66.0%)

796 (65.3%)

27 (65.9%)

76 (74.5%)

 

Age (median)

61.0 (49.0, 70.0)

60.0 (49.0, 70.0)

68.0 (57.0, 75.0)

64.5 (56.0, 73.8)

 < 0.001

Leukocytes /mm3

8926.5 (6500.0, 12,445.0)

8900.0 (6545.0, 12,400.0)

7600.0 (5100.0, 9800.0)

10,380.0 (6802.5, 14,142.5)

0.002

Lymphocyte/ mm3

982.0 (662.5, 1379.0)

1000.0 (680.0, 1388.0)

1120.0 (720.0, 1560.0)

800.0 (512.5, 1194.0)

0.001

Hemoglobin mg/dl

13.7 (12.3, 15.0)

13.9 (12.5, 15.1)

12.8 (10.3, 14.6)

11.7 (9.4, 12.9)

 < 0.001

Hematocrit mg/dl

40.4 (36.9, 44.0)

41.0 (37.5, 44.2)

37.1 (30.9, 42.2)

35.0 (28.0, 39.0)

 < 0.001

Platelet count / mm3

233,500.0 (180,000.0, 302,750.0)

235,000.0 (181,500.0, 302,500.0)

221,000.0 (153,000.0, 276,000.0)

222,000.0 (164,500.0, 307,000.0)

0.12

PT

13.2 (12.1, 14.5)

13.1 (12.0, 14.2)

81.0 (58.7, 96.0)

13.2 (12.0, 15.1)

 < 0.001

PTT

32.0 (28.3, 36.6)

31.7 (28.0, 36.0)

37.2 (25.9, 52.8)

32.9 (30.0, 41.0)

 < 0.001

INR

1.1 (1.0, 1.2)

1.1 (1.0, 1.2)

1.1 (1.1, 3.9)

1.2 (1.0, 1.3)

 < 0.001

Creatinine mg/dl

0.9 (0.7, 1.2)

0.9 (0.7, 1.1)

1.0 (0.8, 1.3)

3.6 (2.0, 6.7)

 < 0.001

Sodium meq/l

137.0 (134.0, 139.0)

137.0 (134.0, 139.0)

136.0 (132.0, 138.1)

136.5 (133.0, 140.0)

0.3

Potasium meq/l

4.1 (3.8, 4.5)

4.1 (3.8, 4.5)

4.1 (3.8, 4.6)

4.8 (4.4, 5.3)

 < 0.001

Bun

17.8 (13.0, 27.1)

16.9 (12.5, 24.6)

22.0 (16.8, 28.0)

57.2 (38.4, 83.4)

 < 0.001

LDH UI/L

382.0 (278.2, 516.0)

376.0 (277.5, 501.5)

308.0 (238.0, 393.0)

518.5 (366.8, 806.0)

 < 0.001

AST UI/L

42.0 (29.0, 65.0)

41.9 (29.0, 63.9)

38.0 (26.0, 49.0)

62.0 (32.5, 126.3)

 < 0.001

Ferritin ng/ml

859.9 (429.4, 1509.8)

835.0 (428.0, 1461.0)

551.0 (202.0, 983.0)

1534.5 (706.1, 2697.5)

 < 0.001

ALT UI/L

37.0 (25.0, 58.0)

36.0 (25.0, 57.7)

32.0 (21.0, 46.0)

44.5 (21.6, 80.2)

0.081

Kidney injury

91 (6.7%)

46 (3.8%)

8 (19.5%)

37 (36.3%)

 < 0.001

Anticoagulant therapy

61 (4.5%)

42 (3.4%)

11 (26.8%)

8 (7.8%)

 < 0.001

ICU admission

852 (62.6%)

764 (62.7%)

18 (43.9%)

70 (68.6%)

0.021

Days in ICU (median)

12.0 (6.0, 20.0)

12.0 (6.0, 20.0)

15.0 (12.2, 27.2)

13.0 (7.0, 25.0)

0.055

Discharge status

    

 < 0.001

 Deceased

341 (25.1%)

275 (22.6%)

13 (31.7%)

53 (52.0%)

 

Cause of death

    

0.8

 Cardiovascular

90 (26.4%)

71 (25.8%)

3 (23.1%)

16 (30.2%)

 

 Non-cardiovascular

251 (73.6%)

204 (74.2%)

10 (76.9%)

37 (69.8%)

 
  1. Abbreviations: ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, aPTT active partial thromboplastin time, BUN blood urea nitrogen, CRP C-reactive protein, ICU intensive care unit, LDH lactic dehydrogenase, mg/dL milligrams per deciliter, ng/mL nanograms per milliliter, pg/mL picograms per milliliter, PT prothrombin time, sec seconds, U/L units per liter, µg/mL micrograms per milliliter
  2. 1Median (IQR); n (%)
  3. 2Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test; Pearson's Chi-squared test
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