Challenges faced by cardiac patients prior to coronary artery bypass grafting: a qualitative study

Table 2 Themes and categories derived from data analysis

Category	Subcategory	Frequency of Codes
Psychological and Social Stress During the Waiting Period	Fears and Psychological Concerns Before Surgery	45
	Social Isolation and Decreased Support	49
	Distrust in the Healthcare Team and Local Systems	33
	Concerns About the Impact of Surgery on Quality of Life	32
Financial Resource Management in Treatment	Economic Pressures from Treatment Costs	55
	Concerns About Financial Future and Disability	38
	Concerns About Insufficient Insurance Coverage	29
Quality of Information and Communication	Previous Positive and Negative Experiences with Hospitals and Treatment	34
	Communication Issues and Lack of Coordination in the Healthcare Team	36
	Lack of Sufficient Information about the Surgical Process and Complications	31
Highlighting the need to belong	Need for Emotional Support from Family and Friends	35
	Importance of Social Support in Surgical Decision-Making	32
	Impact of Social Support on Patients’ Mental Well-Being	35
Spiritualism	Coping with Death Anxiety	30
	Utilizing Spirituality and Religion for Stress Reduction	33
	Spiritual Support from Family	28

ISSN: 1471-2261