Table 3 Cox model measured hazard ratio and 95% confidence intervals of VTE associated with corticosteroids

Non-IBD controls (N = 12126)

42

72,056

0.58

1.00

(reference)

1.00

(reference)

IBD without anti-IBD treatment (N = 1135)

22

6151

3.58

6.03

(3.60, 10.09)***

4.93

(2.90, 8.38)***

1.00

(Reference)

IBD with anti-IBD treatment (N = 6840)

156

37,890

4.12

7.00 (4.98, 9.84)***

6.04 (4.20, 8.69)***

0.97 (0.62, 1.51)

 Corticosteroids (N = 6087)

133

34,572

3.85

6.58

(4.65, 9.30)***

5.68

(3.92, 8.23)***

0.90

(0.57, 1.42)

  IV steroids (N = 3687)

90

19,792

4.55

7.72

(5.35, 11.14)***

6.48

(4.37, 9.62)***

1.12

(0.70, 1.79)

 Oral steroids (N = 5558)

121

32,026

3.78

6.47

(4.55, 9.18)***

5.69

(3.91, 8.28)***

0.93

(0.59, 1.47)

 Other steroids (N = 1940)

39

13,066

2.98

5.21

(3.36, 8.06)***

3.62

(2.26, 5.79)***

0.70

(0.41, 1.20)

 Immunomodulators (N = 1827)

38

10,442

3.64

6.24

(4.03, 9.69)***

6.86

(4.29, 10.98)***

1.17

(0.69, 1.99)

 Aminosalicylates (N = 5409)

126

29,785

4.23

7.18

(5.06, 10.18)***

6.52

(4.49, 9.48)***

1.02

(0.65, 1.61)

 Biologics and small molecule (N = 1031)

10

6094

1.64

2.82

(1.41, 5.62)**

3.99

(1.94, 8.20)***

0.59

(0.27, 1.26)

IBD without surgical treatment (N = 6636)

155

36,954

4.19

7.13

(5.07, 10.02)***

5.96

(4.15, 8.55)***

1.00

(Reference)

 Surgical treatment (N = 1339)

23

7087

3.25

5.49

(3.30, 9.12)***

3.74

(2.18, 6.41)***

0.74

(0.48, 1.15)