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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 131 females and 366 males with IE in Western Norway during 2016–2022

From: Exploring sex differences in infective endocarditis – a prospective, observational study from Western Norway

Variable

Category

Female N (%)

Male N (%)

p-value1

Sex

Number, n (%)

131 (26)

366 (74)

< 0.001

Age

Mean, years (SD)

69 (19)

66 (17)

0.317

 

Median, years (IQR)

73 (58–82)

71 (56–79)

0.131

Mortality

30- day, n (%)

17 (13)

25 (7)

0.028

 

90-day, n (%)

25 (19)

40 (11)

0.016

 

Total, n (%)

60 (46)

132 (36)

0.016

Time in hospital

Median, days (IQR)

25 (11–42)

29 (7–43)

0.221

Time to antimicrobial treatment

Median, days (IQR)

0 (0–3)

0 (0–2)

0.235

Comorbidities

Heart failure, n (%)

23 (18)

58 (16)

0.649

 

Renal failure, n (%)

16 (12)

37 (10)

0.503

 

Hypertension, n (%)

13 (10)

41 (11)

0.687

 

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

11 (8)

25 (7)

0.553

 

Ischemic heart disease, n (%)

6 (5)

24 (7)

0.415

 

COPD, n (%)

4 (3)

17 (5)

0.437

PWID

Yes, n (%)

23 (18)

58 (16)

0.649

Valve affected

Aorta, n (%)

75 (57)

263 (72)

0.002

 

Mitral, n (%)

41 (31)

62 (17)

< 0.001

 

Tricuspid, n (%)

19 (15)

39 (11)

0.239

 

Pulmonal, n (%)

2 (2)

1

-

 

CIED, n (%)

11 (8)

24 (7)

0.480

Native valvea

Yes, n (%)

80 (61)

177 (48)

0.012

Prosthetic valve including CIED

Yes, n (%)

51 (39)

189 (52)

Arterial embolizationb

Brain, n (%)

57 (44)

156 (43)

0.527

 

Lungs, n (%)

18 (14)

42 (11)

0.495

 

Vertebrae, n (%)

7 (5)

43 (12)

0.036

Microbiology

Staphylococcus aureus, n (%)

47 (36)

98 (27)

0.049

 

Viridans streptococci, n (%)

37 (28)

93 (25)

0.526

 

Enterococci, n (%)

14 (11)

76 (21)

0.010

 

Non-viridans streptococci, n (%)

9 (7)

26 (7)

0.929

 

Others, n (%)

15 (11)

46 (13)

0.738

 

No growth, n (%)

9 (7)

27 (7)

0.848

Transthoracic echocardiography

EFc, % (SD)

59 (11)

55 (12)

0.007

 

EF < 50%, n (%)

11 (14)

48 (21)

0.130

 

EF < 30%, n (%)

1 (1)

11 (5)

 

LVEDD, cm (SD)

4.6 (0.7)

5.2 (0.8)

< 0.001

 

LVESD, cm (SD)

3.2 (0.9)

3.8 (1.9)

0.008

 

Vegetations, n (%)

43/109 (39)

105/296 (36)

0.461

 

Vegetation lengthd, cm (SD)

1.4 (0.7)

1.7 (0.8)

0.258

Transoesophageal echocardiography

Vegetations, n (%)

65/101 (64)

167/303 (55)

0.104

 

Vegetation lengthe, cm (SD)

1.1 (0.7)

1.3 (0.7)

0.249

Aortic valve regurgitationf

Grade 0–2, n (%)

54 (41)

169 (46)

0.502

 

Grade 3–4, n (%)

9 (7)

35 (10)

Mitral valve regurgitationg

Grade 0–2, n (%)

58 (44)

155 (42)

0.852

 

Grade 3–4, n (%)

9 (7)

26 (7)

  1. SD Standard deviation, IQR Interquartile range, COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, PWID People who inject drugs, CIED Cardiac implantable electronic devices, EF Ejection fraction, LVEDD Left-ventricular end-diastolic diameter, LVESD Left-ventricular end-systolic diameter
  2. 1Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test where appropriate
  3. aFor total distribution, see Fig. 2
  4. bOther peripheral embolization not included
  5. cAd modum Teicholz, specified in 78 females and 229 males
  6. dSpecified in 20 females and 41 males
  7. eSpecified in 48 females and 115 males
  8. fSpecified in 63 females and 195 males
  9. gSpecified in 67 females and 181 males
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BMC Cardiovascular Disorders

ISSN: 1471-2261

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