Development and validation of an integrated prognostic model for all-cause mortality in heart failure: a comprehensive analysis combining clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic parameters

Table 2 Multivariate Cox regression analysis of variables associated with All-cause mortality

Characteristics	β	SE	HR	CI	Z	P
NYHA	0.251	0.157	1.285	0.944–1.75	1.595	0.111
Left ventricular systolic dysfunction	0.708	0.296	2.031	1.136–3.631	2.389	0.017
Atrial septal defect	1.331	0.74	3.783	0.886–16.147	1.797	0.072
Aortic valve annulus calcification	0.753	0.347	2.124	1.076–4.192	2.171	0.03
Tricuspid regurgitation severity	0.308	0.135	1.36	1.044–1.773	2.276	0.023
QRS Duration	0.01	0.004	1.01	1.003–1.018	2.628	0.009
T Offset	-0.006	0.004	0.994	0.986–1.002	-1.441	0.149
Age	0.033	0.008	1.034	1.017–1.05	4.017	0
NT-proBNP/1000	0.027	0.01	1.027	1.007–1.048	2.618	0.009

Abbreviation: NYHA: New York Heart Association; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide

ISSN: 1471-2261