Table 2 Baseline characteristics of patients stratified by the time-weighted the area above the curve HMR threshold of 1.0
Variables | Overall N = 699 | Q1, N = 175 | Q2, N = 174 | Q3, N = 175 | Q4, N = 175 | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TWAAT-HMR > 1.0 range | 0–0.0047 | 0.0048–0.0235 | 0.0236–0.0730 | 0.0731–1.14 | ||
TWAAT-HMR > 1.0 quartiles | 0.02[0.00, 0.07] | 0.00[0.00, 0.00] | 0.01[0.01, 0.02] | 0.04[0.03, 0.06] | 0.13[0.10, 0.21] | |
Age (years) | 64 [55, 73] | 62 [55, 72] | 64 [56, 72] | 64 [56, 72] | 65 [55, 76] | 0.435 |
Gender (woman) | 271(38.8) | 79(45.1) | 69(39.7) | 61(34.9) | 62(35.4) | 0.172 |
BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2 | 199(28.5) | 60(34.3) | 49(28.2) | 40(22.9) | 50(28.6) | 0.131 |
Past medical history (%) | ||||||
Hypertension | 143(20.5) | 44(25.1) | 31(17.8) | 34(19.4) | 34(19.4) | 0.343 |
Atrial fibrillation | 3(0.4) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 0(0.0) | 3(1.7) | 0.062 |
COPD | 55(7.9) | 8(4.6) | 11(6.3) | 19(10.9) | 17(9.7) | 0.103 |
Coronary heart disease | 25(3.6) | 10(5.7) | 4(2.3) | 5(2.9) | 6(3.4) | 0.332 |
Peripheral Vascular Disease | 30(4.3) | 7(4.0) | 5(2.9) | 9(5.1) | 9(5.1) | 0.681 |
History of stroke | 34(4.9) | 13(7.4) | 4(2.3) | 7(4.0) | 10(5.7) | 0.138 |
Congestive heart failure | 9(1.3) | 2(1.1) | 1(0.6) | 1(0.6) | 5(2.9) | 0.334 |
Diabetes | 69(9.9) | 19(10.9) | 13(7.5) | 21(12.0) | 16(9.1) | 0.510 |
Nicotine dependence | 95(13.6) | 18(10.3) | 30(17.2) | 27(15.4) | 20(11.4) | 0.187 |
Preoperative medications ≤ 7 days before surgery | ||||||
Rate-controlling medications | 24(3.4) | 7(4.0) | 10(5.7) | 0(0.0) | 7(4.0) | 0.025 |
Aspirin | 15(2.1) | 7(4.0) | 3(1.7) | 1(0.6) | 4(2.3) | 0.173 |
Statins | 50(7.2) | 20(11.4) | 10(5.7) | 6(3.4) | 14(8.0) | 0.027 |
Preoperative heparin ≤ 24 h before surgery | 132(18.9) | 31(17.7) | 29(16.7) | 27(15.4) | 45(25.7) | 0.060 |
Preoperative eGFR mL/min/1.73 m2 | 0.282 | |||||
≤ 44 | 34(4.9) | 10(5.7) | 6(3.4) | 8(4.6) | 10(5.7) | |
45–59 | 74(10.6) | 16(9.1) | 12(6.9) | 21(12.0) | 25(14.3) | |
≥ 60 | 591(84.5) | 149(85.1) | 156(89.7) | 146(83.4) | 140(80.0) | |
Preoperative hemoglobin (g/L) | 129[115, 141] | 131[117, 143] | 130[117, 139] | 130[119, 139] | 122[106, 143] | 0.123 |
Preoperative glucose (mmol/L) | 5.32[4.62, 6.50] | 5.30[4.67, 6.20] | 5.23[4.62, 6.20] | 5.17[4.52, 6.24] | 5.92[4.86, 7.63] | < 0.001 |
Preoperative triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.19[0.82, 1.63] | 1.17[0.81, 1.57] | 1.22[0.90, 1.67] | 1.19[0.84, 1.72] | 1.16[0.78, 1.58] | 0.300 |
ASA physical status | < 0.001 | |||||
I-II | 42(6.0) | 19(10.9) | 7(4.0) | 10(5.7) | 6(3.4) | |
III | 460(65.8) | 113(64.6) | 134(77.0) | 120(68.6) | 93(53.1) | |
IV | 197(28.2) | 43(24.6) | 33(19.0) | 45(25.7) | 76(43.4) | |
Emergency | 117(16.7) | 20(11.4) | 16(9.2) | 27(15.4) | 54(30.9) | < 0.001 |
Surgery type | < 0.001 | |||||
Low-risk surgery | 32(4.6) | 7(4.0) | 5(2.9) | 8(4.6) | 12(6.9) | |
Non-thoracic major surgery | 478(68.4) | 148(84.6) | 114(65.5) | 105(60.0) | 111(63.4) | |
Thoracic surgery | 189(27.0) | 20(11.4) | 55(31.6) | 62(35.4) | 52(29.7) | |
Intraoperative RBC infusion | 22 (3.2) | 1 (0.6) | 5 (2.9) | 4 (2.3) | 12 (6.9) | 0.007 |
Intraoperative blood bleeding (ml) | 50[20, 100] | 30[20, 50] | 50[20, 100] | 50[20, 100] | 50[20, 100] | 0.030 |
MINS within postoperative 1 day | 66(9.4) | 4(2.3) | 12(6.9) | 18(10.3) | 32(18.3) | < 0.001 |