Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population according to the TG/HDL-C ratio quartiles
Variables | Total (n = 614) | Quartile 1 (n = 154) | Quartile 2 (n = 153) | Quartile 3 (n = 153) | Quartile 4 (n = 154) | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TG/HDL-C ≤ 0.71 | 0.71< TG/HDL-C ≤ 1.12 | 1.12< TG/HDL-C ≤ 1.80 | 1.80< TG/HDL-C | |||||
Age (years), Mean ± SD | 68.94 ± 14.34 | 73.85 ± 11.09 | 70.29 ± 13.52 | 67.67 ± 15.08 | 63.94 ± 15.52 | < 0.001* | ||
Male, n (%) | 363 (59.12) | 85 (55.19) | 87 (56.86) | 90 (58.82) | 101 (65.58) | 0.264 | ||
Smoke, n (%) | 100 (16.29) | 22 (14.29) | 26 (16.99) | 23 (15.03) | 29 (18.83) | 0.702 | ||
NYHA class, n (%) | 0.12 | |||||||
II | 206 (33.55) | 53 (34.42) | 50 (32.68) | 51 (33.33) | 52 (33.77) | |||
III | 313 (50.98) | 86 (55.84) | 69 (45.10) | 77 (50.33) | 81 (52.60) | |||
IV | 95 (15.47) | 15 (9.74) | 34 (22.22) | 25 (16.34) | 21 (13.64) | |||
LVEF-based HF classification, n (%) | 0.14 | |||||||
HFpEF (LVEF ≥ 50%) | 173 (28.18) | 36 (23.38) | 39 (25.49) | 50 (32.68) | 48 (31.17) | |||
HFmrEF (41%< LVEF < 49%) | 164 (26.71) | 34 (22.08) | 45 (29.41) | 41 (26.80) | 44 (28.57) | |||
HFrEF (LVEF ≤ 40%) | 277 (45.11) | 84 (54.55) | 69 (45.10) | 62 (40.52) | 62 (40.26) | |||
HF causes, n (%) | 0.066 | |||||||
Ischemic | 209 (34.04) | 51 (33.12) | 45 (29.41) | 52 (33.99) | 61 (39.61) | |||
Myocardial disease-related | 37 (6.03) | 5 (3.25) | 7 (4.58) | 12 (7.84) | 13 (8.44) | |||
Valvular disease-related | 123 (20.03) | 40 (25.97) | 28 (18.30) | 33 (21.57) | 22 (14.29) | |||
Others (as arrhythmias etc.) | 245 (39.90) | 58 (37.66) | 73 (47.71) | 56 (36.60) | 58 (37.66) | |||
Length of Stay (Days), Mean ± SD | 8.71 ± 4.56 | 7.93 ± 3.86 | 9.29 ± 5.44 | 8.60 ± 4.00 | 9.00 ± 4.69 | 0.051 | ||
Weight (kg), Mean ± SD | 59.72 ± 13.53 | 55.71 ± 10.99 | 59.50 ± 13.22 | 60.49 ± 14.60 | 63.20 ± 14.10 | < 0.001* | ||
BMI (kg/m2), Mean ± SD | 22.44 ± 4.17 | 21.25 ± 3.57 | 22.43 ± 4.24 | 22.67 ± 4.29 | 23.42 ± 4.28 | < 0.001* | ||
Laboratory parameters | ||||||||
RBC (10^12/L), Mean ± SD | 4.13 ± 0.78 | 3.95 ± 0.70 | 4.06 ± 0.72 | 4.26 ± 0.84 | 4.23 ± 0.82 | 0.001* | ||
Hb (g/L), Mean ± SD | 121.93 ± 23.15 | 118.45 ± 21.02 | 120.18 ± 22.21 | 123.16 ± 23.97 | 125.93 ± 24.74 | 0.024* | ||
CRP (mg/L), M (Q₁, Q₃) | 6.96 (2.36, 16.74) | 5.26 (1.98, 15.46) | 8.96 (4.99, 15.10) | 5.83 (1.73, 17.62) | 6.78 (3.48, 18.77) | 0.176 | ||
NT-ProBNP (pg/ml), M (Q₁, Q₃) | 2956.50 (1275.95, 6985.50) | 2146.35 (1137.50, 5055.65) | 3466.50 (1852.40, 9213.30) | 3141.00 (1330.00, 6292.60) | 2660.30 (1055.03, 7695.00) | 0.046* | ||
TC (mmol/L), Mean ± SD | 3.89 ± 1.10 | 3.83 ± 0.97 | 3.72 ± 1.09 | 3.90 ± 1.07 | 4.12 ± 1.23 | 0.014* | ||
TG (mmol/L), Mean ± SD | 1.36 ± 0.91 | 0.70 ± 0.21 | 0.94 ± 0.27 | 1.37 ± 0.48 | 2.44 ± 1.07 | < 0.001* | ||
HDL-C (mmol/L, Mean ± SD | 1.06 ± 0.36 | 1.40 ± 0.35 | 1.03 ± 0.26 | 0.97 ± 0.31 | 0.83 ± 0.23 | < 0.001* | ||
Table 1(continued) | ||||||||
Variables | Total (n = 614) | Quartile 1 (n = 154) | Quartile 2 (n = 153) | Quartile 3 (n = 153) | Quartile 4 (n = 154) | P-value | ||
TG/HDL-C ≤ 0.71 | 0.71< TG/HDL-C ≤ 1.12 | 1.12< TG/HDL-C ≤ 1.80 | 1.80< TG/HDL-C | |||||
LDL-C (mmol/L), Mean ± SD | 2.28 ± 0.88 | 2.33 ± 0.91 | 2.19 ± 0.89 | 2.31 ± 0.94 | 2.29 ± 0.78 | 0.501 | ||
eGFR [ml/ (min*1.73m2)], M (Q₁, Q₃) | 0.37 (0.27, 0.45) | 0.38 (0.30, 0.45) | 0.36 (0.24, 0.44) | 0.36 (0.28, 0.45) | 0.37 (0.27, 0.46) | 0.132 | ||
CK-MB, M (Q₁, Q₃) | 18.00 (13.80, 23.40) | 18.00 (14.00, 22.80) | 18.30 (13.20, 25.00) | 18.00 (14.00, 23.90) | 17.15 (13.07, 22.40) | 0.514 | ||
FPG (mmol/L), Mean ± SD | 6.69 ± 2.87 | 5.91 ± 2.08 | 6.35 ± 2.55 | 6.74 ± 2.50 | 7.73 ± 3.76 | < 0.001* | ||
HbA1c (%), Mean ± SD | 6.32 ± 1.14 | 6.07 ± 0.75 | 6.12 ± 0.94 | 6.41 ± 1.12 | 6.69 ± 1.51 | < 0.001* | ||
LVEF (%), Mean ± SD | 46.59 ± 10.89 | 48.81 ± 10.28 | 46.78 ± 10.70 | 45.50 ± 11.46 | 45.28 ± 10.84 | 0.017* | ||
LVEDD (mm), Mean ± SD | 54.01 ± 9.97 | 53.21 ± 9.16 | 53.88 ± 9.73 | 54.03 ± 10.07 | 54.92 ± 10.88 | 0.518 | ||
LAAPD (mm), Mean ± SD | 43.39 ± 8.36 | 43.88 ± 8.73 | 44.55 ± 8.10 | 42.62 ± 8.60 | 42.51 ± 7.88 | 0.09 | ||
IVSD (mm), Mean ± SD | 9.95 ± 1.74 | 9.73 ± 1.43 | 10.01 ± 1.76 | 10.10 ± 1.93 | 9.97 ± 1.81 | 0.284 | ||
QRSd (ms), Mean ± SD | 108.62 ± 23.58 | 107.56 ± 23.69 | 111.18 ± 24.86 | 106.90 ± 24.04 | 108.85 ± 21.61 | 0.4 | ||
Comorbidities | ||||||||
DM, n (%) | 137 (22.35) | 20 (12.99) | 34 (22.37) | 40 (26.14) | 43 (27.92) | 0.008* | ||
Hypertension, n (%) | 232 (37.79) | 52 (33.77) | 53 (34.64) | 65 (42.48) | 62 (40.26) | 0.316 | ||
CAD, n (%) | 230 (37.46) | 54 (35.06) | 51 (33.33) | 55 (35.95) | 70 (45.45) | 0.12 | ||
PCI, n (%) | 70 (11.40) | 15 (9.74) | 12 (7.84) | 20 (13.07) | 23 (14.94) | 0.198 | ||
Valvular diseases, n (%) | 222 (36.16) | 68 (44.16) | 53 (34.64) | 54 (35.29) | 47 (30.52) | 0.086 | ||
AF, n (%) | 261 (42.51) | 69 (44.81) | 71 (46.41) | 64 (41.83) | 57 (37.01) | 0.36 | ||
CKD, n (%) | 177 (28.83) | 31 (20.13) | 46 (30.07) | 52 (33.99) | 48 (31.17) | 0.042* | ||
COPD, n (%) | 102 (16.61) | 48 (31.17) | 17 (11.11) | 23 (15.03) | 14 (9.09) | < 0.001* | ||
Medical therapy | ||||||||
ACEI/ARB/ARNI, n (%) | 501 (82.13) | 131 (86.18) | 121 (79.61) | 126 (82.89) | 123 (79.87) | 0.398 | ||
Beta blocker, n (%) | 464 (76.07) | 111 (73.03) | 105 (69.08) | 124 (81.58) | 124 (80.52) | 0.028* | ||
Diuretics, n (%) | 490 (80.33) | 126 (82.89) | 122 (80.26) | 120 (78.95) | 122 (79.22) | 0.817 | ||
SGLT2 inhibitors, n (%) | 172 (28.20) | 30 (19.74) | 37 (24.34) | 49 (32.24) | 56 (36.36) | 0.005* | ||
Lipid lowering therapies, n (%) | 283 (46.09) | 71 (46.10) | 62 (40.52) | 70 (45.75) | 80 (51.95) | 0.257 | ||
Outcomes | ||||||||
MACE, n (%) | 156 (25.41) | 18 (11.64) | 41 (26.28) | 34 (21.79) | 63 (40.38) | < 0.001* | ||
CV Rehospitalization, n (%) | 138 (22.48) | 17 (11.04) | 39 (25.49) | 31 (20.26) | 51 (33.12) | < 0.001* | ||
CV death, n (%) | 18 (2.93) | 1 (0.65) | 2 (1.31) | 3 (1.96) | 12 (7.79) | 0.001* | ||