Fig. 2

Vein of Marshall angiography and ethanol ablation. Activation mapping demonstrated the recurrent AFL was MI-related. Considering the patient’s suboptimal substrate and the mechanism of AFL, VOM-Et was undertaken as the primary intervention step. (A): LAO 30°view, the distal end of the CS electrode (arrow) inserted into the VOM. (B): LAO 30°view, angiography (white arrow) of the VOM. (C): RAO 45°view, selective angiography of the VOM after proximal balloon occlusion (yellow arrow). (D): LAO 30°view, successful VOM ethanol ablation. (E): During ethanol infusion, a change in AFL morphology was observed. LAO = left anterior oblique, RAO = right anterior oblique