Table 1 Characteristics of the sample and by level of physical frailty
Total (n = 40) | Non-Physically Frail (n = 20)a | Physically Frail (n = 20) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Patient Characteristics | ||||
Age (years) | 62.8 ± 16.9 | 65.4 ± 14.7 | 60.3 ± 18.8 | 0.351 |
Female | 23 (58%) | 12 (60%) | 11 (55%) | 0.749 |
Non-Hispanic White | 32 (80%) | 16 (80%) | 16 (80%) | 1.00 |
Clinical Characteristics | ||||
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 31.2 ± 6.6 | 31.1 ± 6.0 | 31.3 ± 7.4 | 0.933 |
Charlson Comorbidity Index (weighted) | 2.6 ± 1.8 | 2.9 ± 2.0 | 2.4 ± 1.5 | 0.378 |
Stage 3 chronic kidney disease | 10 (25%) | 6 (30%) | 4 (20%) | 0.465 |
Type 2 diabetes | 16 (40%) | 8 (40%) | 8 (40%) | 1.00 |
Heart Failure Characteristics | ||||
Time with heart failure (years) | 2.9 [0.9–6.2] | 3.9 [1.7–9.4] | 2.7 [0.8–5.1] | 0.285 |
New York Heart Association functional class III/IV | 22 (55%) | 11 (55%) | 11 (55%) | 1.00 |
Non-ischemic etiology | 29 (73%) | 14 (70%) | 15 (75%) | 0.723 |
Heart failure with reduced EF | 28 (70%) | 16 (80%) | 12 (60%) | 0.168 |
Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 41.0 ± 16.6 | 39.1 ± 17.1 | 42.9 ± 16.3 | 0.476 |
Serum hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.8 ± 1.9 | 13.0 ± 1.7 | 12.6 ± 2.1 | 0.507 |
Serum BUN:Creatinine ratio | 21.0 ± 8.1 | 22.3 ± 9.2 | 19.8 ± 6.7 | 0.333 |
Prescribed a β-blocker | 34 (85%) | 18 (90%) | 16 (80%) | 0.376 |
Prescribed an angiotensin-converting enzyme- inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker | 27 (68%) | 16 (80%) | 11 (55%) | 0.091 |
SHFM one year projected survival (%) | 95.5 [91–97] | 96 [92–98] | 93.5 [88.5–97] | 0.321 |