Fig. 4

(A) Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves for the training set evaluating the nomogram’s performance in predicting disease progression at 3, 6, and 9 months. The robust Area Under the Curve (AUC) values indicate strong discriminative ability of the model. (B) ROC curves for the validation set demonstrating similarly strong AUC values at 3, 6, and 9 months, confirming the external generalizability and reproducibility of the nomogram’s predictive performance