Fig. 6

SHAP Analysis of Model Feature Contributions (A) Summary plot of SHAP values for feature contributions across all instances. Features are ranked by importance, with “Moderate-to-severe MR,” “Mitral valve leaflet thickening,” and “EF” among the top contributors. Red indicates positive SHAP values (increasing predictions), while blue indicates negative values (decreasing predictions). (B, C) Patient-specific SHAP waterfall plots illustrating how individual features contribute to the final prediction. Red arrows represent positive contributions, and blue arrows represent negative contributions. Observed feature values for the respective patients are annotated