Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics
Clinical characteristics | All (n = 11) | Recovery (n = 4) | Non-Recovery (n = 7) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Female n (%) | 2 (18.2) | 1 (25.0) | 1 (14.3) | > 0.999 |
Age at pacing, years | 64.5 ± 8.6 | 60.3 ± 3.3 | 66.9 ± 9.9 | 0.146 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Hypertension n (%) | 9 (81.8) | 3 (75.0) | 6 (85.7) | > 0.999 |
Diabetes mellitus n (%) | 6 (54.5) | 3 (75.0) | 3 (42.9) | 0.545 |
Hyperlipidemia n (%) | 2 (18.2) | 2 (50.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.109 |
CAD n (%) | 5 (45.5) | 4 (100.0) | 1 (14.3) | 0.015 |
Prior MI n (%) | 1 (9.1) | 1 (25.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.364 |
Current or prior smoking n (%) | 7 (63.6) | 3 (75.0) | 4 (57.1) | > 0.999 |
Previous medications | ||||
Beta-blocker n (%) | 4 (36.4) | 2 (50.0) | 2 (28.6) | 0.576 |
ACEI or ARB n (%) | 4 (36.4) | 1 (25.0) | 3 (42.9) | > 0.999 |
CCB n (%) | 9 (81.8) | 3 (75.0) | 6 (85.7) | > 0.999 |
Statin n (%) | 1 (9.1) | 1 (25.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.364 |
Cancer types | ||||
Lung cancer n (%) | 6 (54.5) | 2 (50.0) | 4 (57.1) | > 0.999 |
Liver cancer n (%) | 2 (18.2) | 1 (25.0) | 1 (14.3) | > 0.999 |
Colorectal cancer n (%) | 2 (18.2) | 1 (25.0) | 1 (14.3) | > 0.999 |
Esophageal cancer n (%) | 1 (9.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (14.3) | > 0.999 |
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors | ||||
*Pembrolizumab n (%) | 6 (54.5) | 3 (75.0) | 3 (42.9) | 0.545 |
Tislelizumab n (%) | 3 (27.3) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (42.9) | 0.236 |
Sintilimab n (%) | 2 (18.2) | 1 (25.0) | 1 (14.3) | > 0.999 |
Atezolizumab n (%) | 1 (9.1) | 1 (25.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.364 |
Time from first ICI dose to first pacing therapy, days | 30.0 (24.0,51.0) | 32.5 (22.5,48.5) | 24.0 (24.0,51.0) | 0.849 |
Manifestations at admission | ||||
Dyspnea n (%) | 7 (63.6) | 2 (50.0) | 5 (71.4) | 0.576 |
Chest pain or tightness n (%) | 6 (54.5) | 3 (75.0) | 3 (42.9) | 0.545 |
Myasthenia n (%) | 4 (36.4) | 2 (50.0) | 2 (28.6) | 0.576 |
Myalgia n (%) | 4 (36.4) | 2 (50.0) | 2 (28.6) | 0.576 |
Blepharoptosis n (%) | 5 (45.5) | 1 (25.0) | 4 (57.1) | 0.545 |
Diplopia n (%) | 3 (27.3) | 1 (25.0) | 2 (28.6) | > 0.999 |
Syncope n (%) | 5 (45.5) | 2 (50.0) | 3 (42.9) | > 0.999 |
Ventricular tachycardia n (%) | 4 (36.4) | 1 (25.0) | 3 (42.9) | > 0.999 |
Heart failure n (%) | 6 (54.5) | 2 (50.0) | 4 (57.1) | > 0.999 |
Cardiac shock n (%) | 4 (36.4) | 1 (25.0) | 3 (42.9) | > 0.999 |
Atrioventricular block | ||||
Complete AVB n (%) | 9 (81.8) | 3 (75.0) | 6 (85.7) | > 0.999 |
Advanced AVB n (%) | 2 (18.2) | 1 (25.0) | 1 (14.3) | > 0.999 |
Echocardiography and Laboratory test | ||||
LVEF, % | 58.6 ± 16.1 | 57.8 ± 6.0 | 59.0 ± 20.3 | 0.909 |
Troponin I, ug/L | 7.7 (2.0,15.3) | 10.0 (1.8,33.7) | 7.7 (2.0,12.2) | 0.705 |
CK, U/L | 2023.0 (285.0,13876.0) | 11431.0 (1223.0,18291.0) | 1058.0 (285.0,3130.0) | 0.257 |
CK-MB, µg/L | 53.1 (23.6,163.6) | 145.9 (44.4,283.7) | 43.9 (23.6,85.6) | 0.450 |
NT-proBNP, pg/ml | 1236.0 (859.0,3628.0) | 1579.0 (996.8,2200.3) | 867.0 (503.0,3720.0) | 0.705 |
Serum creatine, µmol/L | 65.0 (56.0,80.0) | 83.0 (62.0,86.8) | 62.0 (47.0,73.0) | 0.089 |
Hyper-sensitive CRP, mg/L | 13.0 (0.8,31.4) | 14.3 (3.6,53.4) | 9.2 (0.8,31.4) | 0.776 |
Other ICI-related adverse events | ||||
Myositis n (%) | 7 (63.6) | 3 (75.0) | 4 (57.1) | > 0.999 |
Hepatitis n (%) | 2 (18.2) | 1 (25.0) | 1 (14.3) | > 0.999 |
Treatments | ||||
Intravenous isoproterenol n (%) | 6 (54.5) | 2 (50.0) | 4 (57.1) | > 0.999 |
Methylprednisolone | 11 (100.0) | 4 (100.0) | 7 (100.0) | / |
Methylprednisolone pulse | 7 (63.6) | 3 (75.0) | 4 (57.1) | > 0.999 |
IVIG n (%) | 10 (90.9) | 4 (100.0) | 6 (85.7) | > 0.999 |
Tocilizumab n (%) | 6 (54.5) | 1 (25.0) | 5 (71.4) | 0.242 |
ACEI or ARB n (%) | 5 (45.5) | 1 (25.0) | 4 (57.1) | 0.545 |
CCB n (%) | 6 (54.5) | 2 (50.0) | 4 (57.1) | > 0.999 |
Invasive ventilation n (%) | 2 (18.2) | 1 (25.0) | 1 (14.3) | > 0.999 |
Vasoactive drugs n (%) | 4 (36.4) | 1 (25.0) | 3 (42.9) | > 0.999 |
Temporary pacing | ||||
Passive-fixation lead n (%) | 7 (63.6) | 2 (50.0) | 5 (71.4) | 0.576 |
Active-fixation lead n (%) | 4 (36.4) | 2 (50.0) | 2 (28.6) | 0.576 |
Via femoral vein n (%) | 7 (63.6) | 2 (50.0) | 5 (71.4) | 0.576 |
Via internal jugular vein n (%) | 3 (27.3) | 2 (50.0) | 1 (14.3) | 0.491 |
Via subclavian vein n (%) | 1 (9.1) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (14.3) | > 0.999 |
Temporary pacing site | ||||
RV septum n (%) | 8 (72.7) | 3 (75.0) | 5 (71.4) | > 0.999 |
RV apex n (%) | 3 (27.3) | 1 (25.0) | 2 (28.6) | > 0.999 |