Fig. 5

Weak calibration for four models: (a) OPCAB-POAF; (b) C2HEST; (c) CHADS2; (d) CHA2DS2-VASC. The x-axis denotes the predicted probability of the outcome, while the y-axis represents the observed probability. The dashed line signifies the ideal 1:1 alignment between predicted and observed probabilities, highlighting the weak calibration of each model