Table 3 Threshold effect analysis of the relationship between all-cause or CVD mortality and HALP score in participants with diabetes or prediabetes

All-cause mortality

 HALP

 Model 1

One-step cox regression

0.997(0.995–0.999)

< 0.004

 Model 2

Two-piecewise cox regression

HALP < 52

0.964(0.957–0.971)

< 0.001

HALP ≥ 52

1.001(1.000-1.002)

0.153

Likelihood ratio test

< 0.001

CVD mortality

 HALP

 Model 1

One-step cox regression

0.992(0.987–0.996)

< 0.001

 Model 2

Two-piecewise cox regression

HALP < 49

0.940 (0.927–0.953)

< 0.001

HALP ≥ 49

1.000(0.997–1.003)

0.955

Likelihood ratio test

< 0.001