Table 1 Baseline characteristics and outcomes of patients with sepsis combined with acute heart failure stratified by TyG-BMI
Characteristics | TyG-BMI | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (N = 1729) | T1 (N = 577) | T2 (N = 576) | T3 (N = 576) | P | |
TyG-BMI | 271.9(87.1) | 195.8(24.4) | 255.1(16.7) | 364.9(84.7) | < 0.0001 |
Demographic | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Age, years | 70.7(13.7) | 74.5(13.5) | 71.1(13.9) | 66.4(12.4) | 0.014 |
Sex (male, n) | 1013(58.6) | 336(58.2) | 360(62.5) | 317(55.0) | 0.036 |
Ethnicity (white, n) | 1193(69.0) | 403(69.8) | 403(70.0) | 387(67.2) | 0.515 |
Comorbidities | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Myocardial infarction | 484(28.0) | 170(29.5) | 164(28.5) | 150(26.0) | 0.412 |
Congestive heart failure | 1225(70.9) | 406(70.4) | 400(69.4) | 419(72.7) | 0.446 |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 569(32.9) | 190(32.9) | 166(28.8) | 213(37.0) | 0.013 |
Diabetes without control | 512(29.6) | 123(21.3) | 153(26.6) | 236(41.0) | < 0.0001 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 238(13.8) | 95(16.5) | 71(12.3) | 72(12.5) | 0.070 |
Renal disease | 633(36.6) | 203(35.2) | 214(37.2) | 216(37.5) | 0.678 |
Severity scores | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Charlson comorbidity index | 7(4–8) | 7(5–9) | 6(5–8) | 6(5–8) | 0.108 |
First day of SOFA | 7(5–10) | 7(5–9) | 7(5-10.5) | 7(5–11) | 0.0002 |
SAPSII | 42(34–51) | 42(35–51) | 43(34–52) | 42(33–51) | 0.573 |
Vital signs | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
SBP, mmHg | 112.4(105.0-122.6) | 111.9(104.4-122.3) | 111.9(104.7-122.2) | 113.6(105.5-123.1) | 0.120 |
DBP, mmHg | 59.2(52.8–65.9) | 58.5(52.1–65) | 58.9(52.3–65.7) | 60.3(54.4–67.1) | 0.0002 |
MBP, mmHg | 74.6(69.0-80.7) | 74.0(68.0-79.5) | 74.4(68.9–80.4) | 75.7(70.3–81.9) | 0.0008 |
Heart rate, beats/min | 83.6(75.7–94.4) | 83.5(75.8–94.5) | 83.0(74.8–94.0) | 84.4(76.6–95.0) | 0.332 |
Respiratory rate, beats/min | 19.4(17.1–22.5) | 19.3(16.8–22.8) | 18.7(16.8–21.9) | 19.8(17.6–22.7) | 0.001 |
Temperature, °C | 36.8(36.6–37.1) | 36.8(36.5–37.0) | 36.8(36.5–37.1) | 36.9(36.7–37.2) | < 0.0001 |
SpO2, % | 97.3(95.8–98.6) | 97.5(96.0-98.8) | 97.4(95.8–98.7) | 96.9(95.4–98.2) | < 0.0001 |
Laboratory parameters | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
WBC, cell/mm3 | 12.2(8.95–16.1) | 11.7(8.8–15.5) | 12.1(8.8–15.9) | 12.7(9.2-16.95) | 0.039 |
Hemoglobin, mg/dL | 10.1(8.9–11.8) | 9.9(8.9–11.7) | 10.1(8.9–11.8) | 10.4(9.1–12.0) | 0.043 |
Platelet, cell/mm3 | 185(138.5–254) | 183(136-260.5) | 176(132–246) | 197(146.8–257.0) | 0.013 |
Anion gap, mEq/L | 14.5(12.5–17.5) | 14.5(12.5–17.0) | 15(12.5–18.0) | 15.0(12.5–17.5) | 0.087 |
Bicarbonate, mEq/L | 23.0(20.0-25.5) | 23.0(20-25.5) | 22.5(20.0–25.0) | 23.0(20.5–26.0) | 0.0006 |
Glucose, mg/dL | 136.4(117.5-171.8) | 127.4(109–148) | 135.6(117-170.3) | 149.5(127.1-192.1) | < 0.0001 |
Sodium, mEq/L | 138.0(135.5-140.5) | 138.0(135.5-140.5) | 138(135-140.5) | 138.5(136.0-140.5) | 0.477 |
Potassium, mEq/L | 4.35(3.95–4.8) | 4.3(3.9–4.7) | 4.3(3.9–4.8) | 4.4(4.0-4.85) | 0.027 |
Calcium, mg/dL | 8.25(7.9–8.7) | 8.25(7.9–8.7) | 8.3(7.9–8.8) | 8.25(8.0-8.7) | 0.438 |
BUN, mg/dL | 27.0(18.0-44.5) | 26.5(17.5–44.0) | 27(18-45.8) | 27.0(18.0-44.3) | 0.567 |
PT, sec | 14.6(13.3–17.8) | 14.8(13.4–18.0) | 15.0(13.4–18.3) | 14.3(13.1–17.1) | 0.002 |
Medications | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Antiplatelet agents | 1507(87.2) | 512(88.7) | 508(88.2) | 487(84.5) | 0.069 |
lipid-lowering drugs | 1377(79.6) | 444(76.9) | 471(81.8) | 462(80.2) | 0.116 |
ACEI | 990(57.2) | 331(57.4) | 330(57.3) | 329(57.1) | 0.996 |
β-blocker | 1566(90.6) | 528(91.5) | 529(91.8) | 509(88.4) | 0.084 |
Diuretics | 1651(95.5) | 550(95.3) | 546(94.8) | 555(96.3) | 0.430 |
Digoxin | 253(14.6) | 99(17.1) | 78(13.5) | 76(13.2) | 0.108 |
Outcome | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Septic shock | 1069(61.8) | 327(56.7) | 375(65.1) | 367(63.7) | 0.007 |
LOS ICU | 4.5 (2.2–9.3) | 4.3(2.2–8.5) | 4.5(2.3–9.3) | 5.0(2.3–10.7) | 0.020 |
LOS hospital | 10.5(6.4–17.0) | 9.9(6.2–15.9) | 10.6(6.4–16.7) | 11.2(6.8–18.6) | 0.028 |
In-hospital mortality | 333(19.3) | 120(20.8) | 117(20.3) | 96(16.7) | 0.151 |
28-day mortality | 369(21.3) | 146(25.3) | 127(22.0) | 96(16.7) | 0.001 |
90-day mortality | 508(29.4) | 206(35.7) | 165(28.6) | 137(23.8) | < 0.0001 |
180-day mortality | 570(33.0) | 237(41.1) | 186(32.3) | 147(25.5) | < 0.0001 |